I had a conversation the other day with a reporter who was interested in why many startup companies get their legs by partnering with companies that many might see as being their competitor. Take Higher One as an example. Fundamentally, we’re competing with banks, yet we offer our service through a partnership with a bank. In some cases, the answer is that the startup has developed a new technology and this provides a barrier to entry for the large potential competitor. More often, I think that there exist cultural barriers to entry that prevent a larger firm from entering a market to compete with a startup. Internal organizational issues may make it close to impossible to pull together the group necessary to build something that competes with something developed by a much smaller group of people that have less management overhead. If you’re interested in this idea, I would recommend reading Clayton Christensen’s books - The Innovator’s Dilemma (HarperBusiness Essentials) and The Innovator’s Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth. Although Christensen doesn’t specifically refer to the problem as “cultural barriers to entry” he does identify organizational obstacles as a primary reason why DEC, the large steel companies, etc. were not able to move quickly enough to keep their business being destroyed by disruptive technologies. In The Innovator’s Solution, he suggests that large companies create organizations outside the traditional org. structure to work on disruptive technologies. I think that although an interesting idea, I think that it is almost impossible to separate a group from the company culture unless all of the employees are new… and the fact that they are employees rather than “founding employees” makes this cultural barrier very difficult to overcome.
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